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Gum Disease

Here is a mini quiz: what is the number one cause of adult tooth loss?

A. Cavities
B. Gum Disease

The answer, if it is not apparent from the title of today's article, is gum disease; also known as periodontal disease.

In a nutshell, periodontal diseases are bacterial infections that destroy the fibers and attachment bone that hold the teeth in place. In some cases, when left untreated, this can lead to tooth loss.

The two most common forms of periodontal disease are Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. The symptoms of Gingivitis are swollen, soft red gums that bleed easily. The underlying cause of gingivitis is plaque. Plaque is a sticky substance that forms a film on the teeth. When the plaque is not properly cleaned off the teeth, it can harden into tartar that collects above the gum line. It is the bacteria in the plaque and gum that irritates the gums, causing the gums become swollen. While poor oral health is the primary cause of gingivitis, other factors such as poor nutrition, tobacco use and diabetes can also increase the risk of developing gingivitis.

The first step to treating gingivitis is to have the teeth thoroughly cleaned by a dentist, after that, it is important to continue to practice proper and scrupulous oral hygiene, including flossing and rinsing.

Good oral hygiene is vital for preventing gingivitis from occurring in the first place. Using correct brushing techniques and using an electric toothbrush can help remove the plaque that causes gingivitis. On that same note, flossing can also help remove food particles and plaque in between the teeth.

In some situations, gingivitis can advance to the more severe periodontitis. Periodontitis is an infection that destroys the tissue and bone that support the teeth and may eventually lead to tooth loss. In some cases, long term periodontitis can even increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. Some symptoms of periodontitis include tender bright red gums, spaces developing between teeth, pus between gums and teeth and constant bad breath. Plaque is also the underlying cause of periodontal disease. The longer plaque remains on the teeth, the more chance the gums will become inflamed. When this occurs, pockets filled with plaque and tartar develop between the gums and teeth. This infection can cause loss of the bone that supports the teeth, and eventually the teeth itself. Other factors that also increase risk of periodontitis include tobacco and drug use, hormonal changes and diabetes.

A periodontist specializes in treating and preventing periodontitis. In many cases, periodontitis can be treated through non invasive methods, but in some cases surgery may be required. Common procedures include soft tissue and bone grafts to replace the destroyed tissue and bone; and guided tissue regeneration which allows teeth destroyed by bacteria to re-grow.

As with gingivitis, practicing good oral hygiene and regular dentist visits is the best way to prevent periodontitis from occurring in the first place.